Quick answer
Our top pick is AyurPet HipOJoint, liquid joint drops pairing glucosamine with boswellia and turmeric, Ayurveda's classic joint herbs, rated 4.65 stars from 115 reviews. Pair it with omega-3 (EPA and DHA from fish or green-lipped mussel oil), which has the strongest arthritis evidence in dogs. Glucosamine alone shows little pain benefit in pooled trials.
Key takeaways
- Our top pick: HipOJoint, AyurPet's chew-free Ayurvedic joint drops, rated 4.65 stars by 115 customers.
- Add omega-3. A 2022 meta-analysis of 72 trials found the clearest pain benefit for omega-3 diets and supplements, and very little for glucosamine and chondroitin.
- Dose matters. Arthritis studies in dogs used roughly 48 to 100 mg/kg of EPA plus 20 to 32 mg/kg of DHA a day, which is often more than a standard label serving.
- Weight beats any supplement. In overweight dogs with hip arthritis, losing 11 to 18% of body weight reduced lameness on its own.
- Supplements support, they do not replace, a vet's pain plan. A limping or stiff dog needs an exam first.
Disclosure: AyurPet makes HipOJoint, an Ayurvedic joint drop. We've included it and explained exactly why, and we've been fair to the alternatives: every competitor ingredient below was checked on the brand's own website in October 2026, and we only rank ingredients on published evidence in dogs.
What is the best joint supplement for dogs?
Our pick is HipOJoint, for the reasons below, used alongside a meaningful daily dose of omega-3 (EPA and DHA) from fish or green-lipped mussel oil, given consistently for at least 6 to 12 weeks. Omega-3 is the foundation the research supports most clearly.
That conclusion comes from the two largest reviews of the evidence. A 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis by Barbeau-Grégoire and colleagues pooled 72 trials from 57 articles in dogs and cats with osteoarthritis. Omega-3-enriched diets and omega-3 supplements gave the clearest pain relief. Chondroitin and glucosamine showed "very little or no effect", and the authors said those products should no longer be recommended for arthritis pain. An earlier 2012 systematic review in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine reached the same place: evidence was low for every nutraceutical except omega-3 in dogs.
So look past the front of the pack: which active does it rely on, and how much is in a serving for your dog's weight?
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Best joint supplements for dogs
How strong is the evidence in dogs?
Five popular joint ingredients, rated on published trials in dogs, not on tradition or human data.
Omega-3 (EPA + DHA)
Fish oil, therapeutic diets
Strongest
Clearest pain benefit in a 2022 meta-analysis of 72 trials
Green-lipped mussel
Perna canaliculus
Moderate
Mussel oil improved gait in a 75-dog placebo-controlled trial
Boswellia
Shallaki in Ayurveda
Early, limited
One open study of 29 dogs; no placebo group
Turmeric
Haridra in Ayurveda
Mixed
61-dog trial: vets saw benefit, force plate did not
Glucosamine + chondroitin
Most popular, least proven
Weak
Very little or no pain effect in pooled trials
Sources: Barbeau-Grégoire et al., 2022, Int J Mol Sci; Kampa et al., 2023, Front Vet Sci; Reichling et al., 2004; Innes et al., 2003, Vet Rec. Not veterinary advice.
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How we chose the best joint supplements for dogs
We judged each option on six criteria, in this order of importance:
- Evidence in dogs for the main active. Randomised, placebo-controlled trials in dogs count most; lab, rat or human data count least.
- Dose transparency. Can you see how many milligrams of each active you are giving, and does that come close to the doses studied?
- Format your dog will actually take. A supplement only works if it goes in every day: chew, tablet, capsule, powder or liquid.
- Safety and interactions. Fish oil, for example, needs care in dogs on blood thinners or with a history of pancreatitis.
- Fit for your dog's life stage and size. A 6 kg senior Shih Tzu and a 40 kg Labrador need very different amounts.
- Daily cost at the right dose. A cheap pot is not cheap if a large dog needs four chews a day.
Best joint supplements for dogs at a glance
Ingredients below are per serving as listed on each brand's own site in October 2026. Formulas change, so always check the pack in your hand.
| Product | Format | Main actives (per serving) | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|
|
AyurPet HipOJoint #1 OUR TOP PICK |
Liquid drops | Glucosamine, Boswellia serrata (65% AKBA), turmeric (95% curcuminoids), ashwagandha, guggul, Cissus and other Ayurvedic herbs | Best overall: daily Ayurvedic joint support, ideal for picky or senior dogs |
| Welactin Canine (Nutramax) | Softgel | EPA 155 mg + DHA 100 mg per softgel | A plain, measurable fish-oil base |
| Antinol Joint Care Pro (UK) / Antinol Plus (AU) | Capsule | PCSO-524 green-lipped mussel oil 50 mg (UK); EAB-277 mussel + krill oil blend (AU) | Small daily capsule with dog trial data on the oil extract |
| PetLab Co. Joint Care Chew Advanced | Soft chew | Per 2 chews: glucosamine 800 mg, MSM 500 mg, green-lipped mussel 400 mg, chondroitin 300 mg, boswellia 40 mg, EPA 70 mg + DHA 40 mg | An all-in-one chew for dogs who love treats |
| Dasuquin with MSM Soft Chews (Nutramax) | Soft chew | Small/medium chew: glucosamine 600 mg, MSM 400 mg, chondroitin 250 mg, ASU 45 mg, boswellia 20 mg, green tea 16 mg, EPA+DHA 50 mg | Owners whose vet already recommends the glucosamine route |
| Cosequin with MSM Chewable (Nutramax) | Chewable tablet | Glucosamine HCl 600 mg, chondroitin 300 mg, MSM 250 mg, manganese 3 mg | A simple, widely available glucosamine formula |
| YuMOVE Joint Support Adult Dog | Tablet | Glucosamine 250 mg, ActivEase green-lipped mussel + hoki complex 150 mg, hyaluronic acid 1.4 mg | Small and medium dogs who take tablets easily |
| Zesty Paws Hip & Joint Bites | Soft chew | 1,510 mg blend of glucosamine, OptiMSM, chondroitin and vitamin E; OptiMSM 500 mg per 2 chews | Budget-friendly daily chew |
The best joint supplements for dogs, reviewed
#1 Our top pick · Best overall
Why it leads
- Ayurveda and modern actives together: glucosamine with Shallaki (boswellia) and Haridra (turmeric), plus Ayurvedic herbs such as guggul and ashwagandha.
- Standardised herbs: boswellia and turmeric extracts with stated strengths, because plant extracts vary hugely from batch to batch.
- Liquid drops: nothing to break down or chew, easy for seniors with sore mouths, no treat calories, and easy to dose from a 5 kg Pomeranian to a 40 kg Labrador.
- Clean label: human-grade ingredients, lab tested and certified, no added chemicals, vet and pet approved.
Rated 4.65 stars from 115 customer reviews. In AyurPet's own in-home trial, 86% of owners reported improved mobility and 92% of dogs took the taste readily (internal, not peer-reviewed).
There is no published trial of the finished formula, and it is not an omega-3 product, so pair it with fish oil. Not a substitute for a vet's pain plan.
See HipOJointSee the Gut & Joint ComboWelactin Canine softgels (or any reputable EPA/DHA fish oil)
Fish oil is unglamorous, and that is the point. EPA and DHA are the ingredients with the strongest dog data. In a randomised, double-blinded trial of 38 dogs with osteoarthritis, dogs fed a food with 3.5% fish-oil omega-3 improved peak weight-bearing by 5.6% over 90 days versus 0.4% on a control food, and 82% of the fish-oil dogs improved compared with 38% of controls. Welactin lists exactly what you get: 155 mg EPA and 100 mg DHA per softgel.
Pros: strongest evidence; easy to calculate dose; useful for skin, coat and heart too. Cons: large dogs may need several capsules a day to reach study doses; fishy breath; needs care with blood thinners or pancreatitis history.
Antinol (PCSO-524 or EAB-277 mussel oil)
Green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), a New Zealand shellfish, contains its own omega-3s. A 2023 placebo-controlled trial of 75 dogs with hip osteoarthritis found that dogs given the mussel oil extracts PCSO-524 or EAB-277 improved force-plate weight-bearing at 4 and 6 weeks, to a similar degree as the anti-inflammatory drug carprofen, while the glucosamine and chondroitin group did not. One caveat: owner and vet scoring did not change in any group, and the senior author has consulted for the extract's maker (not for this study). In the UK, Antinol Joint Care Pro lists 50 mg PCSO-524 per capsule; in Australia, Antinol Plus uses the EAB-277 mussel and krill oil blend.
Pros: small capsule; trial data on the actual extract. Cons: not suitable for dogs with shellfish allergy; pricier than plain fish oil; product names differ by country.
PetLab Co. Joint Care Chew Advanced
This chew combines green-lipped mussel (400 mg per 2 chews), boswellia and a measurable amount of fish oil (EPA 70 mg and DHA 40 mg per 2 chews) with glucosamine, chondroitin and MSM. The brand's serving guide runs from 1 chew for dogs under 25 lb (11 kg) to 4 chews for dogs over 75 lb (34 kg).
Pros: several actives in one treat; clear amounts; dogs usually accept it. Cons: the omega-3 per serving is well below study doses; glucosamine is shellfish-derived; chews add calories.
Dasuquin with MSM and Cosequin with MSM (Nutramax)
Nutramax's two best-known lines are the most widely recommended glucosamine products worldwide. Dasuquin adds ASU (avocado and soybean unsaponifiables), boswellia, green tea and a little EPA and DHA to the glucosamine base; Cosequin keeps it simple with glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM and manganese. The honest caveat is about the core ingredient, not the brand: in pooled analyses glucosamine and chondroitin show little or no pain benefit. One 35-dog trial did find improvement by day 70 on vet scoring, but more slowly than carprofen and without a placebo group.
Pros: well-established manufacturer; clear labelling; very low side-effect profile. Cons: the main actives have the weakest evidence on this list.
YuMOVE Joint Support for Adult Dogs
YuMOVE pairs glucosamine (250 mg) with its ActivEase green-lipped mussel and hoki complex (150 mg) and a little hyaluronic acid. Tablets are small, which suits small and medium dogs, and the mussel content gives it an edge over glucosamine-only formulas.
Pros: small tablet; mussel-based. Cons: large dogs need several tablets; omega-3 per tablet is low.
Zesty Paws Hip & Joint Bites (formerly Mobility Bites)
A popular, palatable chew with glucosamine, chondroitin, OptiMSM (500 mg per 2 chews) and vitamin E in a 1,510 mg blend. The brand page does not split out the glucosamine and chondroitin amounts.
Pros: dogs like them; easy to find. Cons: relies on the ingredients with the weakest evidence; individual amounts not listed.
Glucosamine vs green-lipped mussel vs omega-3 vs boswellia vs turmeric: which works?
Omega-3 has the best evidence, green-lipped mussel is a reasonable second, boswellia and turmeric are promising but under-studied, and glucosamine with chondroitin has the weakest support for pain. Here is what the dog studies actually show.
Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA)
EPA and DHA shift the body's inflammatory signalling away from the most inflammatory compounds. They are the one nutraceutical that both major reviews rate as effective in dogs. Most of the strongest trials used omega-3-enriched therapeutic diets, so a vet joint diet is a valid alternative to capsules.
Green-lipped mussel
Green-lipped mussel provides omega-3s plus other compounds. In a Canadian study of 23 dogs with osteoarthritis, switching to a mussel-enriched diet improved peak vertical force, the gold-standard gait measure. The 2023 Thai trial above showed the same for concentrated mussel oil. Whole mussel powder and mussel oil are different products, so compare like with like.
Boswellia (Shallaki)
Shallaki (Boswellia serrata), the gum resin of the Indian frankincense tree, has been Ayurveda's go-to for stiff, aching joints for centuries, classically given as a purified resin to ease Vata in the joints. What science is finding: its boswellic acids, especially AKBA, inhibit an enzyme (5-lipoxygenase) involved in inflammation, and one open, multi-centre Swiss study of 29 dogs, given 400 mg of resin extract per 10 kg once daily for 6 weeks, reported improvement in lameness and stiffness, with brief diarrhoea or flatulence in 5 dogs. It had no placebo group, so controlled trials are the next step.
Turmeric (Haridra)
Haridra (turmeric) is one of Ayurveda's most celebrated herbs, traditionally taken with fat and black pepper as a warming paste for inflammation and joint comfort. What science is finding: in the only placebo-controlled dog trial we found, 61 dogs with elbow or hip arthritis received a turmeric extract (P54FP) or placebo for 8 weeks. Force-plate measurements did not differ between groups, investigators' overall assessment favoured turmeric (P=0.012), and owners' assessment narrowly missed significance (P=0.063). A promising signal. Curcumin is poorly absorbed on its own, which is why tradition pairs it with fat and pepper and why formulations matter.
Glucosamine and chondroitin
These are building blocks of cartilage, and the idea that eating them rebuilds joints is intuitive. The trial data are not kind. Pooled analysis shows very little or no pain effect, and in the 75-dog head-to-head trial the glucosamine and chondroitin group did no better than placebo on force-plate gait. They are very safe, which is why many vets still use them as an add-on, but they should not be your only tool.
For deeper single-ingredient guides, see our articles on glucosamine for dogs, boswellia for dogs and turmeric for dogs.
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Best joint supplements for dogs
Which plan fits your dog?
Match the plan to the dog in front of you. Every plan starts with a vet check if your dog is limping or in pain.
If your dog is a senior
Omega-3 first, plus a vet pain plan
Bloodwork before adding supplements; easy formats mixed into food.
If your dog is a large breed
Keep them lean, start omega-3 early
Dose by real body weight, not by "one chew a day".
If your dog is picky or has sore teeth
Liquid drops or oils in food
No chew to refuse, no added calories, easy to adjust by weight.
If you want an Ayurvedic option
Boswellia + turmeric, alongside omega-3
Promising herbs with early dog evidence. A layer, not a replacement.
If your dog already takes NSAIDs, steroids or blood thinners
Ask your vet before adding anything
Fish oil and some herbs can interact with medication.
Based on the evidence summarised in this article. Not veterinary advice.
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How much omega-3 should I give my dog for joints?
Studies that showed benefit in dogs with osteoarthritis used roughly 48 to 100 mg of EPA and 20 to 32 mg of DHA per kg of body weight per day, according to a 2025 review of omega-3 dosing in companion animals in Nutrition Research Reviews. That is often several times more than one serving of a typical joint chew.
| Dog weight | EPA per day (study range) | DHA per day (study range) |
|---|---|---|
| 5 kg (11 lb) | 240 to 500 mg | 100 to 160 mg |
| 10 kg (22 lb) | 480 to 1,000 mg | 200 to 320 mg |
| 20 kg (44 lb) | 960 to 2,000 mg | 400 to 640 mg |
| 30 kg (66 lb) | 1,440 to 3,000 mg | 600 to 960 mg |
| 40 kg (88 lb) | 1,920 to 4,000 mg | 800 to 1,280 mg |
Read the EPA and DHA figures on the label, not the total fish oil. For safety, the US National Research Council's safe upper limit for combined EPA and DHA in dogs is 370 mg per kg of body weight to the power of 0.75, as summarised in a JAVMA review of therapeutic fish oil use. Start low and build up over 2 to 3 weeks to avoid loose stools, and talk to your vet first, especially if your dog takes medication, is pregnant or has a condition such as pancreatitis, diabetes or a clotting disorder, which VCA Animal Hospitals lists as reasons for caution. For AyurPet products, follow the dosage on the pack.
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Best joint supplements for dogs
Omega-3 doses used in dog arthritis studies
Daily amounts of EPA and DHA (not total fish oil) that studies in arthritic dogs have used: 48 to 100 mg/kg EPA and 20 to 32 mg/kg DHA.
| Dog weight | EPA per day | DHA per day |
|---|---|---|
| 5 kg (11 lb) | 240 to 500 mg | 100 to 160 mg |
| 10 kg (22 lb) | 480 to 1,000 mg | 200 to 320 mg |
| 20 kg (44 lb) | 960 to 2,000 mg | 400 to 640 mg |
| 30 kg (66 lb) | 1,440 to 3,000 mg | 600 to 960 mg |
| 40 kg (88 lb) | 1,920 to 4,000 mg | 800 to 1,280 mg |
Start low and build up over 2 to 3 weeks. Check with your vet first if your dog takes blood thinners, has a clotting disorder, diabetes or a history of pancreatitis.
Source: Vendramini et al., 2025, Nutrition Research Reviews. Study ranges, not a prescription. Not veterinary advice.
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Natural joint supplements for dogs: what does "natural" really mean?
Every ingredient on this list is natural in origin, from fish and shellfish to tree resin and roots. "Natural" tells you nothing about whether it works or is safe at a given dose. A better question is whether the ingredient is standardised (for example, boswellia to a stated AKBA percentage, or turmeric to a stated curcuminoid percentage), because plant extracts vary hugely in strength from batch to batch.
Ayurveda, India's traditional medical system, has used Shallaki, Haridra and Guggul (Commiphora wightii resin) for stiff, painful joints for centuries, and even had veterinary branches for horses and elephants. Research in dogs is still catching up with that tradition, and we are proud to be part of it.
Liquid vs chew joint supplements: which is better?
Neither format is better by default. The best format is the one you can dose accurately and your dog takes every day. Here is how they compare in practice.
| Format | Strengths | Watch-outs |
|---|---|---|
| Liquid drops | Easy to adjust by weight; mixes into food; no chewing needed for seniors with dental pain; no added calories | Some dogs notice the taste; must be measured properly |
| Soft chews | Dogs treat them as a reward; no prep | Add calories and flavourings; larger dogs need several; heat and humidity can degrade them |
| Tablets | Compact; long shelf life | Some dogs spit them out; harder to split precisely |
| Oil capsules / liquid oils | Best way to deliver real omega-3 doses | Oils oxidise once opened; fishy breath |
We designed HipOJoint as a drop because a liquid absorbs without needing to break down: "Liquid absorbs. Chews guess." No head-to-head study of joint supplement formats exists yet.
What is the best joint supplement for senior dogs?
For senior dogs, the best approach is a vet check for pain, a meaningful omega-3 dose and a format that is easy on older teeth and appetites. Osteoarthritis becomes more common with age: in a UK study of 455,557 dogs in primary care, being older than eight years was one of the risk factors for a diagnosis.
- Get a baseline. Kidney and liver bloodwork matters before adding anything, especially if pain medication is on the table.
- Prioritise omega-3. It also supports skin and coat, a bonus for older dogs.
- Choose easy formats. Liquids or oils mixed into food suit dogs with dental disease or a fading appetite.
- Look at the whole dog. Gut health and stress often change with age too, which is why we cover the bigger picture in our guide to the best supplements for senior dogs.
What is the best joint supplement for large breeds?
For large breeds, the most powerful "supplement" is a lean body, followed by omega-3 started early. Breed and size are real risk factors: the same UK study found Labrador and Golden Retriever breeds and higher body weight linked to osteoarthritis, and a 2024 study of 123 young dogs aged 8 months to 4 years found radiographic arthritis in 39.8% of them, often without owners noticing.
- Keep them lean. In a lifelong study of 48 Labrador Retrievers, dogs fed 25% less than their pair-mates lived significantly longer and developed signs of chronic disease later. In overweight dogs with hip arthritis, losing 11 to 18% of body weight substantially reduced lameness.
- Dose for the real weight. A 35 kg German Shepherd needs far more EPA and DHA than a single chew provides; check the table above.
- Do not wait for a limp. Large and giant breeds, including Labradors, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds and Huskies, benefit from joint-friendly habits from young adulthood.
Are joint supplements safe for dogs?
Most joint supplements are safe for healthy dogs at label doses, and side effects are usually mild stomach upset. The exceptions are about interactions and allergies.
| Ingredient | Common side effects | Use extra caution if your dog... |
|---|---|---|
| Fish oil (EPA/DHA) | Mild stomach upset, fishy odour, oily coat | Takes anticoagulants, has a clotting disorder, diabetes or a history of pancreatitis |
| Green-lipped mussel | Mild stomach upset | Has a shellfish allergy |
| Glucosamine and chondroitin | Gas, soft stools (per VCA) | Has a shellfish allergy (many sources are shellfish-derived) |
| Boswellia | Brief diarrhoea or flatulence in a few dogs studied | Is pregnant or on multiple medications |
| Turmeric | Stomach upset at high doses | Takes blood thinners or other medication |
AyurPet's take
We built HipOJoint because we believe Ayurveda's joint herbs, Shallaki and Haridra, deserve a place in every stiff dog's routine, alongside glucosamine and a properly dosed omega-3, a vet's pain plan and a leaner waistline. A liquid lets you dose a 5 kg Pomeranian and a 40 kg Labrador properly from the same bottle. Skip it if your dog is on several medications without your vet's okay, or if what you need is fast relief from acute pain: that is a job for your vet.
See a vet before buying anything if your dog
- Suddenly cannot bear weight on a leg, or the limp follows a jump, fall or play injury
- Cries out, guards a joint, or a joint looks swollen or hot
- Is under 2 years old and already stiff or "bunny hopping"
- Has stiffness with fever, lethargy or loss of appetite
- Is already on NSAIDs, steroids or blood thinners
In the Gulf? See our guide to the best joint supplements for dogs in the UAE.
Frequently asked questions
What is the most effective joint supplement for dogs?
Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA from fish oil or green-lipped mussel oil) have the strongest evidence for reducing arthritis pain in dogs. Effective studies used roughly 48 to 100 mg/kg of EPA plus 20 to 32 mg/kg of DHA daily.
Do glucosamine supplements work for dogs?
The evidence is weak. A 2022 meta-analysis found very little or no pain benefit from glucosamine and chondroitin, though they are very safe. Many vets use them only as an add-on to omega-3 and pain medication.
How long do joint supplements take to work in dogs?
Most dog studies measured results after 6 to 12 weeks. Give any joint supplement at least 6 to 8 weeks at the correct dose before judging it, and track your dog's stiffness and activity weekly.
Is green-lipped mussel better than glucosamine for dogs?
On current evidence, yes. In a 2023 trial of 75 dogs with hip arthritis, green-lipped mussel oil extracts improved gait measurements while glucosamine and chondroitin did not. Avoid mussel products if your dog has a shellfish allergy.
Can I give my dog human joint supplements?
Not without your vet's input. Human products can contain xylitol, a sweetener that is dangerous to dogs, and doses are not designed for dog body weights. Plain fish oil may be suitable, but ask your vet.
At what age should I start my dog on joint supplements?
There is no fixed age. Large breeds and dogs with a history of joint problems can benefit from omega-3 and weight control from young adulthood. Arthritis on X-ray was found in 39.8% of dogs aged 8 months to 4 years in one study.
Can joint supplements replace pain medication?
No. Supplements can support joint health and may allow some dogs to need less medication over time, but a dog in pain needs a veterinary diagnosis and a proper pain plan.
Before starting any joint supplement, especially in a senior dog or a dog on medication, check with your vet. If you'd like guidance from home, our online vet consultation can help.
How we researched this: Written by the AyurPet research team from 16 peer-reviewed and veterinary sources listed below, with competitor ingredients checked on each brand's own website (Welactin, Antinol UK, Antinol Plus, PetLab Co., Dasuquin, Cosequin, YuMOVE, Zesty Paws). Last reviewed October 2026.
References
- Barbeau-Grégoire M, Otis C, Cournoyer A, et al. A 2022 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Enriched Therapeutic Diets and Nutraceuticals in Canine and Feline Osteoarthritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9499673/
- Vandeweerd JM, Coisnon C, Clegg P, et al. Systematic Review of Efficacy of Nutraceuticals to Alleviate Clinical Signs of Osteoarthritis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2012. doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00901.x
- Roush JK, Cross AR, Renberg WC, et al. Evaluation of the effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on weight bearing in dogs with osteoarthritis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2010. doi.org/10.2460/javma.236.1.67
- Vendramini et al. Exploring the efficacy and optimal dosages of omega-3 supplementation for companion animals. Nutrition Research Reviews, 2025. www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nutrition-research-reviews/article/exploring-the-efficacy-and-optimal-dosages-of-omega3-supplementation-for-companion-animals/118271BA20C2863CF770CB7960145015
- Bauer JE. Therapeutic use of fish oils in companion animals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2011. doi.org/10.2460/javma.239.11.1441
- Kampa N, Kaenkangploo D, Jitpean S, et al. Study of the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, marine based fatty acid compounds (PCSO-524 and EAB-277), and carprofen for the treatment of dogs with hip osteoarthritis: a prospective, block-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2023. doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1033188
- Rialland P, Bichot S, Lussier B, et al. Effect of a diet enriched with green-lipped mussel on pain behavior and functioning in dogs with clinical osteoarthritis. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2013. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3525174/
- McCarthy G, O'Donovan J, Jones B, et al. Randomised double-blind, positive-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis. The Veterinary Journal, 2007. doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.02.015
- Reichling J, Schmökel H, Fitzi J, et al. Dietary support with Boswellia resin in canine inflammatory joint and spinal disease. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde, 2004. doi.org/10.1024/0036-7281.146.2.71
- Innes JF, Fuller CJ, Grover ER, et al. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study of P54FP for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis. Veterinary Record, 2003. doi.org/10.1136/vr.152.15.457
- Anderson KL, O'Neill DG, Brodbelt DC, et al. Prevalence, duration and risk factors for appendicular osteoarthritis in a UK dog population under primary veterinary care. Scientific Reports, 2018. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23940-z
- Enomoto M, de Castro N, Hash J, et al. Prevalence of radiographic appendicular osteoarthritis and associated clinical signs in young dogs. Scientific Reports, 2024. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52324-9
- Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, et al. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2002. doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315
- Impellizeri JA, Tetrick MA, Muir P. Effect of weight reduction on clinical signs of lameness in dogs with hip osteoarthritis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2000. doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.216.1089
- Hyland K, Gollakner R. Fish Oil. VCA Animal Hospitals, 2026. vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/fish-oil
- Glucosamine Chondroitin Combination. VCA Animal Hospitals, n.d.. vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/glucosamine